with a deep div When a person is Scuba Diving, why is gas, especially nitrogen,?
a) When a person is scuba diving, why is gas, especially nitrogen, reaching higher concentration in the blood with a deep dive?
b) When the person comes back up slowly, how does the nitrogen come out of the blood?
c) What happens if the diver comes back to the surface too fast? What is this called? How is it treated?
During a dive, your body is under increased pressure. While on the surface, I’m sure you know that you have the pressure of the atmosphere pushing down on you, which works out to 14.7 psi. While scuba diving, you’ve got an additional atmosphere of pressure pushing on your body every 33 feet. If you dive to 66 feet, you’ve got two atmospheres of pressure from the water, as well as the additional atmosphere from the surface. That’s one heck of a lot of pressure! As a result, your body absorbs more gas at depth, since there’s a pressure gradient (less pressure inside your body, more pressure outside your body). Therefore, you’ll find more nitrogen in your body than you would if you weren’t diving.
The nitrogen is eliminated through your breathing. As you ascend, the pressure is reduced from your body. The pressure gradient changes, to where there is more pressure inside your body than outside your body. As a result, your body eliminates that increased gas, through your respirations.
If a diver comes up to the surface too quickly, the nitrogen doesn’t have a chance to be eliminated through your breathing (as it takes some time for it to do that). As a result, the gas comes out of your body’s tissues in the form of bubbles, and into the fluid spaces in your body, such as your blood, and the fluid inside your joints. This creates joint pain, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. It’s called Decompression Illness or Decompression Sickness (DCI/DCS) or “the bends” for short.
It’s treated by recompressing the diver in a special chamber, which recreates the pressure of scuba diving. The pressure is gradually reduces, which allows the bubbles to be eliminated slowly.
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